How Can I Get a Criminal Background Check? A Step-by-Step Guide for Individuals
To obtain a criminal background check for yourself, you’ll need to follow your state’s official process, typically through law enforcement agencies, authorized private vendors, or secure online portals. Most states require you to submit an application, present valid ID, and sometimes provide fingerprints. Fees and turnaround times vary, but you can usually access your own records directly. Understanding how can I get a criminal background check means knowing where to start, what proof is needed, and which records are available to you.
Criminal background checks are important for many personal and professional reasons—whether you’re job hunting, volunteering, applying for housing, or simply want to review your own criminal history for accuracy. Each state and country has its own system for disclosing personal criminal records, and the process is often more accessible than people realize.
This article will walk you through the common requirements, application methods, and the types of checks available. We’ll compare official law enforcement channels with online services, explain how to request records for different needs, address common concerns, and answer frequently asked questions to help ensure a smooth experience.
Understanding Criminal Background Checks
What a Criminal Background Check Shows
A criminal background check typically reports arrest records, convictions, pending cases, sex offender registry status, and sometimes non-conviction data depending on local laws. The scope varies by jurisdiction: some checks reveal only felonies and misdemeanors, while others include infractions or sealed records if legally permitted.
Employers or landlords may not always see the same details as you; your own request generally returns the fullest legally available report. Sensitive cases like juvenile records may be omitted or appear only with special permission.
- Arrest and conviction records
- Pending charges
- Warrants (in some states)
- Sex offender status
Who Can Request a Criminal Background Check?
Individuals can usually request their own criminal history—called a 'self-check'—from state police or designated agencies. Third parties, such as employers or landlords, often need your written consent to access these records through authorized channels.
Access to another person's records without permission is heavily regulated and may require legal justification. Confirm your rights and obligations before making any request.
How Can I Get a Criminal Background Check Through Government Agencies?
State and Local Police Departments
The most official way to obtain your criminal background check is through your state or local law enforcement agency. Many require in-person visits, completion of a request form, presentation of government-issued identification, and a nominal fee. Some locations offer online or mail-in options.
Turnaround times range from instant digital results to several weeks for more thorough fingerprint-based checks. States like California, Texas, and New York each have unique application requirements, so check your local department's website for exact steps.
- In-person, online, or mail-in application
- Fees range from $10 to $50 in most states
- Valid photo ID required
FBI Identity History Summary Checks
For a federal-level criminal background check, request an "Identity History Summary Check" directly from the FBI. This process requires fingerprinting at an approved location, submitting a form, and paying the current fee (about $18). Results may include all arrests and federal convictions across state lines.
This option is particularly useful if you've lived or worked in multiple states. Processing via the FBI usually takes 3 to 5 business days when requested online.
- Fingerprint submission required
- Best for nationwide checks
Using Authorized Online Background Check Services
Official State Portals vs. Third-Party Vendors
Many states now offer secure online portals for individuals to obtain their own criminal record. These portals are trustworthy and comply with privacy laws. To use them, you'll create an account, verify your identity, and pay a processing fee.
Alternatively, some third-party companies provide background checks for a fee. Choose only those designated as authorized vendors by your state, as unauthorized private sites may not be reliable or legal for obtaining your official record.
- Check state websites for approved services
- Avoid unauthorized "free check" offers
- Digital delivery may speed up process
For more on this, see our related guide: Is Misdemeanor a Criminal Offence? What You Need To Know.
What to Watch Out For with Online Services
Be cautious of websites claiming to deliver instant criminal checks for free or very low rates. Scams and non-compliant companies are common. Only use providers recommended by state government or law enforcement websites.
Look for indicators of legitimacy: secure payment systems, clear terms and privacy policies, and physical contact information for customer support. Your personal information should always be protected.
Requirements for Requesting Your Own Criminal Background Check
Documents and Information You’ll Need
To request a criminal background check, you'll usually need a valid government-issued ID (like a driver's license or passport), your current address, and sometimes proof of residency. Some states may require a Social Security number or date of birth to verify your identity.
For fingerprint-based checks, you may need to visit an approved fingerprinting location and present appointment or submission details. Double-check your jurisdiction’s requirements; missing information may delay the process.
- Photo ID
- Proof of current address
- Social Security number (sometimes)
- Completed request form
Fees, Processing Times, and Delivery Methods
Fees for background checks vary widely—ranging from $10 to $50 for most state checks, and about $18 for the FBI. Payment is often required in advance by debit/credit card, cashier’s check, or money order.
Results may be provided by mail, secure digital download, or in-person pickup. Online requests are typically faster, but fingerprint processing adds several days.
- State fees are non-refundable
- Digital and paper reports available
How to Request a Personal Criminal History for Employment or Licensing
Special Procedures for Licenses and Jobs
Certain employers and licensing authorities require applicants to provide a certified background check directly from a specific agency. Follow the agency’s instructions closely; you may need sealed results or direct submission from law enforcement to their office.
Some states issue special codes or forms linked to your application. Employers may even direct you to use an approved private vendor or fingerprinting service.
- Request official, sealed copies when needed
- Ask your prospective employer for exact instructions
For more on this, see our related guide: What Does the Federal Bureau of Investigation Do? An In-Depth Look at the FBI’s Role in American Law Enforcement.
Rechecking and Rectifying Errors
If you notice inaccurate or outdated information on your background check, act quickly to dispute errors. Agencies typically offer formal review processes where you can submit evidence of corrections, expungement, or mistaken identity.
It's wise to obtain your personal criminal history before applying, so you have time to address any issues in advance of employer review.
Privacy, Rights, and Record Sealing: What You Need to Know
Expunged and Sealed Records
Most criminal background checks do not show expunged or sealed records, but some government-level checks may still access this information for security-sensitive roles. Understanding your rights helps protect your privacy and employment opportunities.
Check with local legal aid if you believe you qualify to have records sealed or expunged prior to requesting your report. The process varies widely by state.
- Expunged records usually invisible to employers
- Some agencies can access sealed entries
Comprehensive information about the process for obtaining a criminal background check, including state-by-state procedures, is detailed in the Wikipedia article on United States state criminal record checks. United States state criminal record checks.
Your Rights When Requesting Your Record
You have the right to access your own criminal record and to dispute errors or omissions. In most states, your consent is required before third parties can request your background check.
Familiarize yourself with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) if your check is being used for employment, as it outlines strict procedures for consent and correction.
Criminal Background Check Methods Comparison
Here’s a side-by-side look at the main background check options, including speed, accuracy, and recommended use cases to help you choose the best approach.
| Method | Speed | Cost | Nationwide | Official Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Police Department | 1–3 weeks | $10–$50 | No | Official |
| FBI Identity History Summary | 3–5 days (online) | $18 | Yes | Official |
| State Online Portal | Immediate to 7 days | $15–$40 | Usually State Only | Official |
| Authorized Private Vendor | 24–72 hours | $30–$80 | Yes/No | Official if State-Approved |
| Unofficial Online Service | Instant | Varies | No | Not Recommended |
Frequently Asked Questions
Do employers see the same background check as I do?
Not always. Employer checks often use special reporting agencies and may omit offenses listed on your self-check. Laws vary, and consent is always required for employer-initiated searches.
How much does it cost to get my own criminal background check?
Most states charge between $10 and $50 for an official state report, while the FBI charges about $18. Third-party vendors may cost more, especially for nationwide reports.
How long does it take to get criminal background check results?
Processing times vary from immediate (for online state portals) to several weeks (for mail-in or fingerprint-based checks). FBI online checks usually return in 3–5 business days.
Can I see records from every state on one report?
Only the FBI Identity History Summary is fully nationwide. State checks are typically limited to records from that state. Some private vendors offer multi-state databases but may not be complete.
Will a sealed or expunged case appear on my report?
Sealed or expunged cases usually do not appear on public background checks. Some government agencies may access sealed records, but most employers cannot see these entries.
Key Takeaways
- Request your own criminal background check through state police or online portals.
- FBI checks offer nationwide reporting; state checks cover local records.
- Check provider credibility—use only official or authorized vendors.
- Gather required documents before starting your application.
Conclusion
Acquiring a criminal background check for yourself can be straightforward if you know which agency or website to use, what documents are necessary, and how your report will be used. The best approach is to start with your intended purpose—employment, licensing, personal review—and match it to the recommended official method, checking your local or federal government’s guidelines along the way. Ensuring you select the right channel—state police, the FBI, or an authorized online portal—will make the process smooth and secure.
For instance, job applicants who need quick, comprehensive results might prefer the FBI Identity History Summary, while most in-state housing or volunteering needs can be satisfied through a local police station or the state’s official online portal. If your employer or licensing board has a preferred vendor, always follow their instructions carefully. When considering multiple options, use the earlier criminal background check methods comparison to match speed and scope to your situation.
Before initiating your request, gather all necessary documents, confirm current fees, and check the authenticity of online service providers. This precaution ensures your personal information stays safe and results are delivered efficiently. The first step is always to consult your state law enforcement or official government website for detailed instructions tailored to your needs.
